Deception A Young Child You Were Taught Right From Wrong

As a young child you were taught right from wrong. You were taught why you should not lie and why and how it could hurt someone. You saw how one lie could turn into many lies and how it is hard to keep covering for the first lie you told. Somehow the truth always surfaced whether by you admitting to the guilt or a teacher or a parent finding out the truth through evidence. As you became older you noticed that the term lie was now being used with the terms morality and ethics. Those terms basically mean right and wrong, sound familiar? The criminal justice system is supposed to be based on those two principles along with other things. Somewhere in the system those principles fall through the cracks for selfish reasons or selfish gain. The lives of individuals have become less worthy and the lying game has become everyday play. Deception is a word derived from the root word deceives, which means to intentionally cause another person to have a false belief. Deception is the act of deceiving someone or to cause to believe what is false ().To lie is an intentionally false statement to a person or group made by another person or group who knows it is not the truth. Galatians 6:7-8 talks about deception. 1 John 2:21 speaks about lying (Gospelway.com). Although deceiving did not start with our criminal justice system it all started in the Bible when the snake encouraged Eve to eat from the forbidden garden and in which she then convinced Adam to do the same. God specifically toldShow MoreRelatedIs it wrong to lie995 Words   |  4 Pages Is it always morally wrong to lie? Yes, I strongly agree, others might disagree; moreover, this can depend on one’s own morals. A young mother or a young father might tell a story to their children about Santa Claus, the Easter Bunny, or the Tooth Fairy. Mothers and Fathers tell and read these stories to their children all of the time just like their mothers and fathers and their mothers and fathers. These are stories, told each year giving a child hopes and dreams. Is it a lie? I do not thinkRead MoreMotives and Thoughts1692 Words   |  7 PagesObservation of Global Deception: A Persuasive Essay on Lauryn Hill’s â€Å"Motives and Thoughts† Edward George Bulwer-Lytton once said, â€Å"When the world has got hold of a lie, it is astonishing how hard it is to kill it. You can beat it over the head, till it seems to have given up the ghost and behold! The next day it is as healthy as ever† (53). Lauryn Hill, an astounding singer, actress, musician and above all artist, who has produced many brilliant and masterful works of art in her career. From writing songsRead MoreHow Values And Values Have Affected My Life1475 Words   |  6 PagesFrom the beginning of time, ancient philosophers and educators have taught different life developmental skills to aid people as they grow. Those educators often taught students how to develop ethical and moral character. With teaching those characteristics as a foundation they were able to teach students to branch out and understand a deeper meaning of authenticity, virtue and value. All three of these concepts are required to live a meaningful and balanced life in both the physical , mental and spiritualRead MoreEvolving Huck in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain 965 Words   |  4 PagesWhen a child is born it’s actions and morals are solely based on the environment it’s parents set for it. The child is unable to move, eat, learn and speak without the guidance of an individual. However as the child progresses in life it starts breaking away from the environment that is set for them and engage themselves in the environment of their choice. The child starts to develop it’s own morals and an identity for themselves overtime, similar to Huck Finn. In the novel The Adventures of HuckleberryRead More The Morality of Lying in Contrast to the Philosophies of Kant2296 Words   |  10 Pages The young girl gazes at you helplessly from within the tangled wreckage. You witnessed the crash – a massive truck careened into a minivan as it passed on the highway, killing the driver on impact, and virtually tearing the girl in half . Now she hangs from the car, held together by the seatbelt. Her nervous system critically damaged, she can’t feel much pain, but she knows that her situation is not optimal, to say the least. She is six years old – she probably doesn’t understand the concept of deathRead MoreThe Great Depression : An Age Of Female Enlightenment1696 Words   |  7 Pagesthe initial rush of support for women s rights with the passage of the 19th Amendment in 1920, the feminist movement diminished towards the end of the 20s and all but disappeared during the Great Depression. The Great Depression was an economic collapse during the 1930s which resulted in a quarter of the nation’s families to have no financial income at all. Tillie Olsen was a proletarian writer of the Great Depression who created a powerful deception of the working class woman in America. OlsenRead MoreWorldview Analysis: Mormonism Essays2125 Words   |  9 Pagescarefully chosen as they represent the bulk of what we will discuss as we seek to unveil the true essence of the Mormon world as they see it. We will summarize this organization and in so doing we will discover that it was built on human fallacy and deception from its inception. We will then follow with a critical look the claims, doctrines, and documents that frame their beliefs. Summary Mormonism is one of the fastest and newest religions on the world scene today. It had its beginnings in 1820 inRead MoreThe Milgram Study On Obedience1731 Words   |  7 Pagesobedience in the history of psychology. The Milgram study was done by Stanley Milgram a Yale University psychologist, whose study was to focus on two things one being obedience to authority, and a persons personal conscience. The results of the study were remarkable, as according to (McLeod, 2007) 65 percent of two-thirds of the participants or teachers continued administering shocks to the highest voltage level of 450 volts. The rest of the teachers continued to at least 300 volts. Milgram did thisRead MoreInfidelity Of A Married Person Cheats On Their Spouse By Having Some Type Of Sexual Relations1869 Words   |  8 Pagesincluding Texas, the person who committed adultery could be given less of the property when it is Divided. However, it is not usually used for deciding their ability to take care of childr en; so even if someone cheated, their right to have custody and take care of their child is not taken away. Even though infidelity is only illegal in some states, if someone is involved with a person that is already married they could be sued. The reason why is it is such a big deal is because it puts so much strainRead MoreThemes Of Huckleberry Finn3483 Words   |  14 Pageswould be elemental as a common core basis within his stories. What was it specifically that he could see during his time? Samuel Clemons would have to endure the Civil War in its entirety, from the beginning until the end. Samuel Clemons would have to of bared witness to slavery, the removal of Native Americans from their homelands, and pushed onto reservations by the United States Government. Samuel Clemons was also alive to see the Mexican-American War (Caron, 2011). Much of Samuel Clemons life was

St. Augustine s Life - 1060 Words

Augustine was potentially a grand source of advice and philosophy for the time of this literature’s release. However, the philosophies are now outdated. In, Confessions of St. Augustine, women are advised to subjugate themselves, knowingly to their husbands. Men are masters, women are servants, and if a man’s anger becomes so overwhelming he becomes physically expressive, the woman has done something wrong and should feel ashamed. There are, of course, numerous things wring with these positions. In modern times, the philosophies need an equality adjustment that allows for men and women to take responsibility for their actions, and be servant to nobody. Essentially, Augustine takes a stance wherein women knowingly enter into a bonded servitude with a male, understanding once they hear their marriage vows, they are to pledge devoted honor and respect to this person, no matter what. They are a wife, but also a servant. Augustine becomes quite severe with the stance, statin g, For all intended purposes, the instructions here encourage women not to resist a violent husband, and even to expect one as a part of her duties as a wife. An angry husband is simply another part of a woman’s work. Augustine further advises wives to be mindful of anger, and to cater to it, shaming wives who bear the marks of their husbands’ violence. These marks, according to Augustine, mean they did not take the marital vows, or their bonded servitude seriously and the woman is failing as wife, as wellShow MoreRelatedSt. Augustine s Life1594 Words   |  7 PagesSt. Augustine was born in Taagaste, Roman North Africa on November 13, 354 AD and was given the name Aurelius by his parents Patricius and Monica Augustine. At the time of his birth, his father was still a pagan, but his mother eventually converted him to Christianity (Chadwick 6). Aurelius was raised receiving a Christian education and from a very young age, he had a great respect for the religion. He le arned to make the Sign of the Cross and certain ideas about the faith he kept very dear to hisRead MoreSt. Augustine s Life1283 Words   |  6 Pagesrenowned stories of conversion is the one of Saint Augustine. Saint Augustine of Hippo by his own omission started his life in a circle of lust, pride, and vanity. He says in his book Confessions, â€Å"here proud, there superstitious, everywhere vain.† Saint Augustine’s life is a story of a man born on religion, drawn towards sin, and reclaimed by the light in time to become one of the most influential men of Western Christianity. Saint Augustine was born forty-five miles south of the MediterraneanRead MoreSt. Augustine s Life And Life734 Words   |  3 PagesAugustine was born November 13, A.D. 354, in Tagaste; and died seventy-six years later in Hippo Regius. Augustine was raise up in a family with both parents his father (Patricius) who was a nonbeliever until later in life and Augustine mother (Monica) a child of God. His mother taught Augustine at a young age about our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ. Augustine like any other young teenager did not like school but at the same time had a desire to be liked by his teacher’s, but had some bad behavioralRead MoreMajor Risk Factors For Many Residents Living At St. Augustine1337 Words   |  6 Pagesa major risk factor to many residents living in St. Augustine. In their undeveloped state, floodplains play an important role in flooding. Natural floodplains reduce wind and wave impacts and their vegetation stabilizes soils (â€Å"Flood hazard†, n.d.) . Floodplains can be recharged in areas of groundwater and reduce the frequency and duration of low flows of surface water (â€Å"Flood hazard†, n.d.). Some local natural floodplains in St. Augustine and St. Johns County are the Guana River State Park andRead MoreSt Augustine Confessions Analysis1516 Words   |  7 PagesIn St. Augustine’s Confessions, the tension between knowledge of God and the habitual life, and by extension the struggle between continence and incontinence, are central to St. Augustine’s evolution as a faithful servant of God. These tensions are evident in several episodes of weeping throughout the text, as the true reason for his weeping stems from a disruption in the habitual life or from his inability to change his habits. St. Augustine’s weeping as a youth over the death of Dido, his weepingRead MoreComparing St. Augustines Confessions And Confucius1065 Words   |  5 Pagesand Wednesday 7-8:15am 8 November 2017 History Term Paper Both St. Augustine’s Confessions and Confucius’s Analects are influential teachings that have a vast influence on people around the world in the ancient time and currently. Both doctrines discuss ethical values of society back during the time they were written and leads us to find some similarities between the two. There are substantial distinctions between Confucius and St. Augustine’s experiences and beliefs since they are living in differentRead MoreElizabeth City State University And Saint Augustine s University1047 Words   |  5 PagesState University. Saint Augustine’s University was founded in 1867 and is a private university. Saint Augustine’s University it is a church affiliated historically black college. Saint Augustine’s Campus is 110 acres and is located in Raleigh. Saint Augustine has a college chapel that is a county historic site. Both schools offer a variety of programs. Elizabeth City State University and Saint Augustine’s are both accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges (SACSCOC)Read MoreProposed Seven Philosophers On The Existence Of God And Their Development Of These Ideas1413 Words   |  6 Pageschoice topic. The seven philosophers are as follows: (1) Socrates, (2) Plato, (3) Aristotle, (4) Francis Bacon, (5) St. Augustine, (6) Thomas Aquinas, and (7) Rene DesCartes. The specific three I want to focus on being; St. Augustine, Thomas Aquinas and Rene Descartes. Lastly, I will proceed to relate their ideas on the existence of God and their development of these ideas. St. Augustine s epistemology is rationalization. In his argument for the existence of God, he is referring to varying degrees ofRead MoreSaint Augustine Essays719 Words   |  3 PagesSaint Augustine Saint Augustine, b. Nov. 13, 354, d. Aug. 28, 430, was one of the foremost philosopher-theologians of early Christianity and, while serving (396-430) as bishop of Hippo Regius, the leading figure in the church of North Africa. He had a profound influence on the subsequent development of Western thought and culture and, more than any other person, shaped the themes and defined the problems that have characterized the Western tradition of Christian Theology. Among his many writingsRead MoreA Critical Engagement Essay : Good Kid M.a.a.d City1075 Words   |  5 PagesCritical Engagement Essay #2: good kid m.A.A.d city, Confessions When asked to find something that relates to St. Augustine’s book, Confessions, people may think of his mother, Saint Monica. Maybe people look back on the book and they think of his sex addiction or perhaps his friend’s addiction to the gladiatorial games. The last thing people think when asked to find something that relates to St. Augustine’s book, Confessions is Kendrick Lamar. Comparing Kendrick Lamar’s album, good kid m.A.A.d city

Strategic Retail Marketing & Promotions Tesco

Question: Critically analyse models of buyer behaviour and their relevance to the retail industry Evaluate the principles of consistency that must guide the marketing mix planning within retail Apply the process of marketing planning , control and evaluation within retail Answer: Introduction The target of the report is to analyse models of buyer behavior and their relevance to the retail industry; evaluate the principles of consistency that might guide the marketing mix planning within retail and apply the process of marketing planning, control and evaluation within retail. It is important that customer purchasing is examined when considering advertising. The investigations of customer purchasing conduct has been led by Acebron et al (2000). The aim was to unearth the effect of past experience on buyers purchasing conduct of crunchy nourishments, for example the purchase of mussels. The authors utilised basic comparison display as a part of the request to distinguish the relationship between the inclinations and past experience on the purchaser purchasing choice. It demonstrate that individual inclinations and past experience on of the buyers have a direct effect on the customers' buying choice in the sample of acquiring crisp mussels, and the picture of the item has a vital effect on the buying choice of the buyer and further prescribed that the item picture ought to consistently be enhanced keeping in mind the end goal to support the customers towards acquiring. Variawa (2010) broke down the impact of pushing on customer choice making the procedure for Fast Moving Consumer Goods. The point of the examination was to break down the effect of pushing for choice making methodologies of low-wage customers in retail shopping. An overview system has been utilised as a part of the request to achieve the examination goals. They found out that clients get lured very fast on the branding coupled with the value of the time in the message during advertising Tescos Current Situation and Problems Ascend in Energy Cost: UK purchasers have been hit hard by vitality expense rises and interest rates and we have dealt with our expenses down so we can exchange hard this year. The future guarantees a pounding from the disintegrating economy and expanded limitations from controllers that are influencing the part all in all. Price: The retreat annoy existing conditions in the UK staple industry as it made German discounters Aldi and Lidl, with their absolute bottom costs, a socially adequate spot to shop. Yet Tesco has been slow-footed in its reaction to this new risk, with the 200m value cuts activity reported recently regarded short of what was needed for the situation. Enormous Space: It has 247 Extras and for the most recent year has been subletting space to different retailers and including extravagant accessories, for example, Giraffe eateries, Harris + Hoole coffeehouses, delicate play focuses and even exercise centers in an offer to pull in customers. The continuous significant repair system has not moved the dial on deals and Lewis may need to actualise more radical surgery. Tesco Club-Card and Promotion Tesco has had its Club-card unwaveringness project working subsequent to 1995, amid which time its capacity for picking up knowledge from clients has progressed drastically. Be that as it may, even after such a long time there still remains perplexity about its essential goal. It is about conveying offers to buyers as well as is on a fundamental level a reaper of client information that can be utilized to illuminate all parts of the Tesco business with the point of enhancing its execution. Tesco was one of the first organisation to get any sort of dependability card or club card. The organisation initially began to take a gander at the capability of club cards back toward begin of the 1990's. Not very long after this, Tesco discharged their club card to general society and following the time when then it has been utilised by individuals everywhere throughout the United Kingdom, also different nations, for example, Ireland! In 2010, there were around 16 million individuals that utilised their club card and we accept that the quantity of individuals utilising it is considerably higher at this point. Tesco's marketers used to have the capacity to put their finger on the country's heartbeat. In any case, later crusades have been gravely executed see 2011's Big Price Flop or Big Price Drop as it is known or bewildering, as on account of a year ago promotions highlighting Viking warrior Borg selecting online. Brand: Tesco's prosperity amid the nineties and noughties was based on being an "everyman" with its 20-year-old motto "Every last Helps" expected to portray all the huge and seemingly insignificant details it did well for customers, from settling wonky trolleys to bringing down sustenance costs. Be that as it may, there was likewise a developing recognition that Tesco did bunches of things wrong making progress toward turning into the nation's greatest retailer. It was blamed for pressing suppliers and its voracious development was seen to take on at an expense for independents and groups prompting the sobriquet Tesco poly. Furthermore, it is just now as the tide goes out on huge stores that forceful development has returned to haunt. Consumer Model The Five Stages Model of purchaser choice making procedure. Blackwell et al (2006) identified the five phases of shopper choice making procedure as follows: issue/need acknowledgment, data collection, assessment of options, buying choice made and post-buying assessment. Bruner (1993) identified that need acknowledgment happens when an individual perceives the distinction between what they have and what they need/need to have. Neal and Questel (2006) expressed that need acknowledgment happens because of a few variables and circumstances, for example, the customers past experience, taste, value and branding of a product get to change the perception of a customer on a product. The processes that a client goes through when purchasing any product are the five stages given below: Need recognition Information search Alternative evaluation Purchase decision Post-purchase behavior Elements Impacting Consumer Buyer Behaviour It has been found that shopper purchasing conduct is the result of the perceived needs and needs of the customer and they buy to fulfill these. In spite of the fact that it sounds basic and clear, these needs can be different depending upon individual variables, for example, age and identity. Also there are some other external factors which are outside the control of the shopper. Various studies have been completed by researchers on distinguishing and breaking down those variables influencing the purchasers' purchasing conduct. These elements have been grouped into classifications in various ways by various people. Wiedermann et al (2007) characterised them into interior and exterior variables. Winer (2009) partitioned them into social, individual and mental elements. Notwithstanding the way that they have been grouped they are comparable in content and degree (Rao, 2007). These are the 4 elements that customer are influences of consumer Behaviour: Commitment Consistency The guideline of duty and consistency says that individuals will make a huge effort to seem predictable in their words and activities will degree of doing things that are fundamentally silly. That is the reason Tesco are attempting to roll out an improvement, for instance - it can be exceptionally useful to express your objective openly. Once you've submitted so everyone can hear (or online) you will have significantly more impetus to keep up your end of the deal. As a retailer, in the event that you can get clients to make a little responsibility to your image (like needing your email pamphlet), they are more prone to in the end buy from you. What's more, on the off chance that you can really get items in their grasp, regardless of the fact that there is no official responsibility to purchase them, your chances build significantly more. Ethical at Tesco Tesco's is fairly a core element that their promise to buy and sell their items capably "so our clients can realize that all that they purchase is created under fair conditions, and everybody included is dealt with decently". Four key principles for Tesco: Values - ensuring they work with suppliers who share their values Monitoring - getting to the truth about conditions for workers in their supply chains Improvement - supporting their suppliers to make strides Transparency - being open and legit, working with others It is not a direct process, but rather is intended to bolster a cycle of persistent change. Supporting the four key standards are 15 particular needs under which we sort out our regular work Marketing planning Advertising anticipating the Tesco has concerned with the securing targets and objectives, apportioning the assets that are expected to meet these and setting out an arrangement of activity. It additionally incorporates setting out methods for assessing execution against business targets. Tesco marketing planning involves these 3 models; PESTEL SWOT analysis SMART objectives Marketing strategy involves analysing targeting, creating and maintaining a marketing mix. The seven promotional strategy are: Promotion, Price, process, Place, People, Product, and physical evidence. These need to meet the clients needs and that of the business. A marketing plan needs to articulate a plan that is going to work best for the business. The business needs to think about resources and tactics to meet its objectives. Control: The control process of Tesco can be described as the direction for an organizational control that derives from its goals and strategic objectives. In order to create an effective control process, Tesco needs to determine what it is and where it is going. In other words, it is important for Tesco to outline a way to review organizational processes and to determine if they are on target to meet its goals or not. Evaluation: Strategic evaluations focus on the outcomes of the organisations work that help to analyses key results that company has achieved within an estimated period of time. Evaluation results of Tesco will help them to improve their management and organisation performance itself; improve planning and assist decision-making process. Moreover, it will assist policy-making process and indicates where action is needed to be; improve monitoring of the company and indicated where technical assistance and training are needed. Conclusion Exceptional worldwide that organisation are making enhancements in their item and courses of action and to understand their capacities to present new items in the business. An organisation adapts just when they dispatch new items and benefits and get more values for their clients. This consistently enhances working proficiency and helps an organisation to infiltrate into new markets and along these lines expanding their incomes and edges furthermore helps them provide food diverse target aggregates in distinctive business. Learning and Growth point of view measures the experience and development picked up by an organisation by their advancement business items and techniques. They need a pioneer for the technique in every last store. This helped them to be adaptable with the business sectors in distinctive nations and creating and changing their procedure is straight forwardness for them. In 1977 Tesco left sparing stamps and dispatched operation checkout. It denoted the start of the restoration of the business. The business now needs correspondingly crisp considering. It is a stronger stance than it was in 1977, yet in the event that it is to recapture its energy in the UK it needs some also down to business approach. Tesco highlights the absence of accomplishment of the Big Price Drop. Taking money out of Clubcard and placing it into more centered rebates was the right approach to go, however maybe. there ought to have been some genuine interest in lower costs too and the general execution was not really convincing. To stir issues, the unfriendly media remark about the battle, addressing how a percentage of the value diminishments were accomplished, more likely than not undermined it as well. Recommendations Tesco can utilise Total Quality Management to enhance their quality and decline their expense which numerous organisation have been fruitful in doing that. Keeping in mind the end goal to gain the lifetime steadfastness of the clients the costs of the items ought to be low when contrasted with different grocery stores. An organisation to get by in the business sector must be creative and enhance their standard so it can add to its esteem. Tesco tries to be inventive by enhancing worker capacities via preparing plan called choice system. They measure the worker's aptitude and information by this system. Tesco dependably tries to convey items reliably on time. They measure this by checking their stock every day. A progression of self-improvement measures including cost cuts, expanded staff numbers and changes in the nature of items have neglected to kick begin development. he execution from Tesco outside the UK keeps on being remarkable. Tesco is still the UK's best retailer, in spite of the fact that it is stressing to see the center UK business failing to meet expectations. It is the key to everything Tesco does. Such a large amount of the improvement in the UK presupposes a strong execution from the fundamental sustenance retailing operation. At the same time, that is the place the issues must be. Tesco needs to have a central reexamine of its entire promoting technique. It ought to drop Clubcard through and through and concentrate every last bit of its promoting exertion on remaking client trust and re-securing itself as a buyer champion. It needs to take the high good ground and guarantee that if the media needs to assault it there are no open objectives like dodgy limited time strategies regardless of the possibility that that implies taking a thump on edges through a further interest in cost. There must be a recharged accentuation on item qual ity and a decided push to restore confide in the business. Furthermore, it needs a totally new showcasing methodology to put that crosswise over to clients. Appendix Factors Influencing Customer Purchase of a Product at Tesco Social media: Customers use online networking to make discussion and associations. Over and over, exploration has demonstrated that buyers use social networking principally to join with family and companions, take after patterns and discover item surveys or data. They additionally remark on what's hot or new and compose surveys about items. Culture: It is one element that impacts conduct. Basically culture is characterised as our disposition and convictions. These components will impact their buy conduct however different variables like gatherings of companions, or individuals they admire may impact their decisions of acquiring a specific item or administration. Reference gatherings are specific gatherings of individuals a few individuals may gaze upward towards too that have an effect on customer conduct. Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs: The hypothesis investigates the components behind human accomplishment and sets out the answer as a pecking order. Maslow proposes people initially need to fulfill fundamental physiological needs, for example, haven appetite and thirst. At the point when these have been met, they climb to the following phase of the progressive system; security needs, where the need is things like employer stability and realising that you have a consistent salary. Different Purchase Option Buyers regularly make a point framework in their psyches where items are scored taking into account what number of their highlights speak to them. So for one client, brand may be more imperative then cost and for another client item appearance may be vital. On account of Tesco buyers may be inspecting quality. An assessment framework is especially valuable when there is a substantial number of choices. Advertising methods will attempt and impact this phase of the procedure by highlighting item includes that they think will speak to buyers. Engaging item highlights will be underlined on item bundling, special materials and the maker's sites. The 6 stages for consumer buying process: Problem Recognition Information search Internal External Evaluation of Alternatives Purchase decision Purchase Post-Purchase Evaluation Tesco Balance Scorecard Kaplan and Norton's adjusted scorecard helps individuals to view the company from four alternate points of view, the budgetary viewpoint, the customer viewpoint, the inside business process viewpoint, and the learning and growth viewpoint. "These viewpoints are interlinked and layered: so that money related results are controlled by consumer loyalty, which are dictated by internal procedures and, underneath these three layers, is the establishment of the learning and development point of view" (Marr and Adams, 2004). Marr and Adams built up the balanced scorecard for key execution estimation. The connections between these 4 points of view can be pictured by system maps. The scorecard is highlighted in the following headings. Tesco Financial Perspective The aim of every company is to make profits. The objective of the organization is to: develop the UK center, be an exceptional global retailer in stores and on the web, develop retail benefits in every one of their businesses and be a maker of profoundly esteemed brands Tesco Customer Perspective The fundamental destinations of the Tesco with respect to the client are- Most noteworthy quality Most reduced cost Consumer loyalty with item quality and cost Client Retention Business Process Perspective The principle goals of Tesco with respect to the inward point of view are: Representative aptitudes To enhance item quality Learning and Growth Perspective The fundamental destinations of Tesco with respect to the Innovation and Learning viewpoint are: Enhance worker capacities Convey reliably on time Item center The above are the four score cards of Tesco. Tesco makes Corporate Responsibility indispensable of their business which is key in applying their qualities as a dependable business. They accept that corporate social obligation as a long haul point of view is additionally an open door for development of their business. Their long haul method incorporates. To be a fruitful global retailer; To develop the center UK business; To be as solid in non-sustenance as in nourishment; To create retailing administrations; and To put group at the heart of what they do. Tesco needs to be the best retailer on the planet and develop to center in United Kingdom. Tesco's deals has expanded by 31% in 2009 in global markets which demonstrates that they changed in accordance with the worldwide markets and have the experience to be effective in universal markets. In the center UK markets which were influenced by retreat generally did hamper the development however to a littler degree. References Atkinson, H. (2006) Strategy implementation: a role for the balanced scorecard? Management Decision, Vol. 44(10), pp 1441- 1460 Chavan, M. (2009) The balanced scorecard: a new challenge, Journal of Management Development, Vol. 28(5), pp 393-406 Drury, C. (2004) Management and Cost Accounting, 6th ed., Thomson, Italy Ehbauer, M., Gresel, R. (2013). Measuring and managing service performance of luxury Harvard Business Review, available: https://www.stevens tech.edu/MSISCourses/450/Articles/ValueOfIT/TheBalancedScoreCard.pdf Hayman, K. And Lorman, A. (2004) Graduate training schemes have demonstrably accelerated Promotion patterns, Career Development International, Vol. 9(2), pp 123-141 Kaplan, R.S., Norton, D.P. (1996) the Balanced Scorecard: Translating Strategy into Action, Harvard Business School Press, Boston, MA, Kaplan, R.S., Norton, D.P. (2001) the Strategy Focused Organisation: How Balanced Scorecard Companies Thrive in the New Business Environment, Harvard Business School Press, Boston, MA, Marr, B., Adams. C. (2004) the balanced scorecard and intangible assets: similar ideas, Unaligned concepts, Measuring Business Excellence, Vol. 8(3), pp 18-27 Moreo, A., DeMicco, F. J., Xiong, L. (2009). Towards a model to measure the quality of Environmental sustainability: the hospitality environmental scorecard. Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality Tourism, 10(1), 44-58. Neenan. R. M, (2008). Who's Keeping Score NJEA Review, 55(5), 26-29 Papenhausen, C. (2006) Implementing the Balanced Scorecard at a college of business, Measuring Business Excellence, Vol. 10(3), pp 15-22 Papenhausen, C. (2006) Implementing the Balanced Scorecard at a college of business, Measuring Business Excellence, Vol. 10(3), pp 15-22 Tesco Annual Report (2012) available at: https://www.tescoplc.com/files/pdf/reports/tesco_annual_report_2012.pdf Tesco performance review (2012) available: https://realfood.tesco.com/our-food/tesco farming.html Ethical trading at Tesco available at: https://www.tescoplc.com/site/library/policiesandfactsheets/ethical-trading-at-tesco.htm Tuner, J.J. and Wilson, K. (2006) Grocery loyalty: Tesco Club card and its impact on loyalty, British Food Journal, Vol. 108(11), pp 958-964 Uncles, M. D., Dowling, G. R., Hammond, K. (2003). Customer loyalty and customer loyalty Programs. Journal of consumer marketing, 20(4), 294-316.

Racism in the American Nation

Abstract Even though humanity is living at a time in history where virtually everything is possible, it is ironical that the society is still torn apart when it comes to dealing with crucial issues that affect them. These are issues that have a direct impact on the lives of part of or the whole humankind. In this paper, the writer will discuss racism as a major problem in the American nation. The paper will mostly dwell on the methods and principles that can be put into use in an effort to get rid of the vice.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Racism in the American Nation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Introduction Racism is a discriminatory practice against people from certain races or of a certain color. Racism can also be defined as the unfair practice of showing undue favor to a certain class of people and denying the same for other people who equally qualify to receive the same treatment either as citi zens of the same country, students of the same school or members of the same organization. Racism is a common practice especially in places where there are mixed groups of people with diverse racial backgrounds. In the United States of America, the word racism has been the talk of media and the general American population over and over again. Even though the national constitution clearly advocates for racial equality and acknowledgement and appreciation of racial differences, it is uncertain whether the same sentiments are engraved on the hearts of every American. With the prohibition of racial segregation as far as social places and other amenities are concerned, one would be mistaken to think that the USA has come to a stage in its history where racism is totally inexistent. The above statements may not be true if the experiences of the daily life of the minority races in America are taken into account. In the day to day life of such individuals, there comes a time they come face to face with racism. These are the times when the unnumbered Americans who are still racists at heart expose the same to them. As much as racism is a disgusting and can even be regarded as barbaric, the experiences that these people sometimes go through are tough and even at times humiliating. As discussed above, this problem of racism mainly affects the minority races in the United States of America. The two most common races that have severely been subjected to racism are the African Americans and the Arab Americans. The proprietors of racism have their own reasons for treating such races in the manner that they do. For African Americans, the main obvious reason for their subjection to racial discrimination is the color of their skin and their ancestral background. The black color of the African Americans has often evoked different reactions from white Americans when it comes to the issue of equality. It is a common behavior for the whites to feel more free while in the company of other whites than they do when in the company of blacks.Advertising Looking for term paper on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This is still happening to some extent in the present day although to a smaller scale compared to the seriousness of the situation a century ago. The type of racism that is rampant today is rather muted than blatant. It happens daily and to a good number of African Americans daily but it is never reported due to the fact that the subjects have learnt to live with it. White Americans are also prejudiced against the African Americans because of their ancestral background. The fact that the ancestors of the latter first came to the United States as slaves creates an impression of their inferiority. Those who practice racism still have the mentality that the whites were originally the masters of the African Americans and should still be treated with the same regard. On the other hand, the Arab Americans are racially discriminated because of the history of war between the United States and the Arab countries and terrorist groups of Arab origin. The war between America and Iraq shaped the perspective of many Americans on the Arabs. The fight with terrorist groups such as the infamous Al-Qaeda has also been crucial in shaping the perspective of American whites on their fellow citizens of Arabic origin. The 9/11 bomb attacks had a devastating effect on the relationship between Arab Americans and the white Americans. After this tragic historical event, most Americans regarded Arabs with hostility and disgust. This prejudice was caused by the wrongful association of every Arab with the terror attacks. As much American legislators have done their best to ensure racial equality, chances are that this may never come to achievement as far as the relationship between white Americans and Arab Americans is concerned. And even though there may be a falsified outward portrayal of r acial equality between these two races, it is certain that what lies on the inside is something totally different. In retaliation, the Arabs have also regarded the Americans as entirely immoral and unfair. There is dire need for a solution to the problem of racism in the United States of America. According to the writer of this paper, this solution lies with a discipline of Psychology called Social Psychology. Social Psychology is a study that describes the influence of other people on a person’s thoughts, imaginations, behaviors and feelings. The fact that the human mind is prone to social influence gives hope of the total restoration of racial equality in the United States of America. Social Psychology comprises of various theories that can be used to root out racism from the United States. These theories try to identify the exact causes of racism in America. By doing this, these theories or principles provide room for combat against this vice through efforts to get rid of the causes.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Racism in the American Nation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The first theory is the scapegoat theory. This theory suggests that people who are caught in certain unpleasant situations tend to find someone to blame it on. By doing this, the people find an outlet for channeling out their disappointment and distress which can lead to racism. A good example of the scapegoat theory at work is the blaming of the 9/11 terror attacks on the entire Arab community. This blame is obviously wrong because it is not based on anything, nor is there substantial evidence that proves this stance. Furthermore, it is impossible that every single Arab in the United States of America had a hand in the perpetration of the bombing. This is a mere method devised by American citizens who are racists to find an excuse for promoting racial discrimination and prejudice. Another instance of the scapegoat theory is the blaming of the high rate of crimes in the United States on African Americans. The majority of criminals in America are of black origin. This has created an impression that a majority if not all blacks are terrorists. This has even affected the line of duty of law enforcers as they are more stringent with African Americans than they are with the whites. This characteristic creates a situation where a large percentage of the American population is prejudiced against colored people, and most specifically, African Americans. The second Social Psychology theory that can be used as a solution to racism is the us and them or in-group and out-group theory. In this theory, it is believed that each and every individual has the feeling of the need to belong. It speculates that human beings are a species that finds solidarity in grouping. However, it is through this grouping that conflicts and arguments arise between rival groups. This raises the need to stand for on e’s group and defend it with all that one can afford. Through the identification with a certain group, one tends to gradually come to like all the aspects of this particular group and hate everything about the rival groups. This is where prejudice and racism come in. When one develops a passionate dislike for such groups, it creates room for passionate racism. This is especially the case where the organizations or groups were formed on the basis of racial backgrounds. Efforts of promoting free constructive social interaction between such groups may prove equally futile. The Just-world Phenomenon is yet another principle of Social Psychology that can be effectively used to put a stop to racism. In this phenomenon, the world is regarded as soundly fair in its dealings with people.Advertising Looking for term paper on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This theory holds that no one is to blame for the evil that may happen to a person. In the same manner, those who are more fortunate in life do not owe it to anybody but got the fortune from the very world that grants both good and bad. In a summary, this principle suggests that good people in life receive good things while bad people receive a share of misfortunes. The Just-World Phenomenon justifies the discrimination of people basing on their racial backgrounds. The perpetrators of racism in this case say that they are not really the ones to blame for the existence of the minority races against which they discriminate. Since they don’t take any responsibility for the dark color of anyone’s skin, they actually have no problem if they relate with them differently from the way they relate with each other. Another theory of Social Psychology that can be used to get rid of racism is the principle of social inequalities. According to this principle, the discrepancy in the possession of valuables in life creates strata in society that are used to gauge the suitability of individuals in the society. This theory explains that the rich, who are commonly referred to as the â€Å"haves† are prominent and respected members of the society and have a great deal of influence on matters in the society. On the contrary, the people who are less endowed with wealth, commonly referred to as the â€Å"have-nots† are usually treated with less attention and are subject to discrimination. Most of the members of the minority races are not so rich. This is either because they are mere immigrants with a minimal fortune or that they had a poor ancestral background. This makes them victims of racism on the basis of their monetary possessions. This was the situation that faced a majority of African Americans many years back but it has taken a positive turn in the twenty first century. The above Social Psychology theories and principles are the most effective t ools that can ever be used to stop racism because they identify factors that lead to the vice. Through a careful address of these factors, there is a possibility that racism can be part of history in the United States of America. If the government and other concerned organizations put special emphasis on the above named theories and principles, the writer is positive that America will be free from racism in just a matter of months. The problem of racism in the United States of America developed as a result of a high rate of immigration into the nation. Today, the Native American population accounts for less than fifty percent of the total population. Because America is made up of a wide range of races and cultures, there are higher chances of racism and cultural bias. Therefore, the major cause of racism in the United States is the generalization of a variety of races under one nation (Heriot, 2003). Racism in the United States of America has been the cause of political debates, slu ggish development of some areas and personal misunderstandings between individuals. For the above to be corrected, a solution for racism should be arrived at urgently. The writer also chose this topic or racism because it is the right of every American citizen to receive equal treatment and privileges just like others irrespective of the race or color. This problem is also important because its solution will lead to the motivation of the American citizens who were previously victims of racism. They will receive a sense of belonging which will go a long way in renewing their dedication and loyalty to their service for the nation. This will eventually translate into a faster economic growth because these people will restore their confidence in the nation. For instance, an Arabic business man won’t have to fear about the risk of loss because he will have confidence in the market that is free from racism. The writer’s personal view of this problem is that it has no place i n such a civilized and modernized society as America. Racism should be the last thing on the minds of any right-minded American citizen who truly loves his or her country. If the United States of America is actually the home of the free as stated in the last stanza of the national anthem, then this freedom should not only be embraced and cherished on the outside only but should also come from deep inside the heart of each and every single American citizen. Each one should be granted the opportunity to enjoy the freedom that such a great nation can offer to its citizens without any racism or prejudice. The writer also thinks that it is the responsibility of every American citizen to ensure that racism is wiped out of the face of the nation. This will only be done through a personal decision to treat all American citizens as equal in all aspects irrespective of their race. This type of solidarity will contribute greatly in the eradication of racism. As it is with every similar situati on, there are some people who stand to benefit from racism in the United States. These include political leaders from the victims of racism who have vested interests. These leaders want to appear as if they are fighting for the rights of their people when in actual sense they are buying time in order to continue enjoying the political support of the people. Unlike the views presented by the writer above, these political leaders believe that racism can only be eradicated through appropriate legislation. This is why they have been pushing for the enactment of bill after bill to reduce chances of racism. However, this method has so far failed. This is because the problem is in the people’s minds and not the laws. The LSE Students’ Union has been on the forefront in campaigning against racism. One of the main strategies used by this union is the declaration of anti-racism days. They have also employed the use of street matches to persuade people to turn away from racism. T he writer would recommend that other teams should aim at getting more people to be aware of the positive effects of stopping racism. This can be done by printing pamphlets and posters urging them to get rid of racism and help build a strong nation of racial diversities. The other teams can also plan on submitting articles to the print media for publication. These will reach a larger population of people and increase the rate of emancipation of the masses from racism. The writer’s team has done an incredible job in educating Americans about the necessity of dropping racism. The team has mainly focused on high schools. This is because they are the young people that are more likely to bring change to the society as opposed to the elderly who may find it hard adapting to new facts. Apart from that, the team has been in a position to hold events such as seminars and conferences in a bid to campaign against racism. The team has so far received a positive response from the public. O ne important thing that the team does during these events is the collection of signatures from those who pledge to stop racism. If all the people honor their pledges, then the team has delivered thousands of persons from the chains of racism. In addition to the above measures, the writer’s team has also set aside an outreach day on the first Saturday of every month to conduct door to door campaigns against racism. This has been the most effective tool in this campaign. The team is encouraged to carry on with this noble course every time people nod in appreciation and acceptance of the facts presented to them about racism. In conclusion, racism is a rampant practice in the United States of America. The minority races are the ones that mostly fall victim to this vice. Furthermore, it is clear from the above discussion that Social Psychology is the most effective tool in fighting racism. However, there are also those people who benefit from racism and have slowed down its eradic ation. Finally, it is evident from the discussion that the writer’s team has done much in fighting racism. Reference List Heriot, N. (2003). Chinese immigrants, African Americans, and racial anxiety in the  United States. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. This term paper on Racism in the American Nation was written and submitted by user EnderWiggin to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Lifestyles Inventory Essays

Lifestyles Inventory Essays Lifestyles Inventory Essay Lifestyles Inventory Essay Personal Thinking Styles The Life Styles Inventory (LSI) was designed to help assess effectiveness in relationships on the job and support the development of interpersonal skills. This â€Å"road map† to self development was the brainchild of Dr. Clayton Lafferty. This survey of questions measures 12 key thinking styles, that are regarded to promote performance change and improve personal understanding of how our thinking affects our behavior. The 12 styles are categorized into three general clusters: Constructive, which includes Achievement, Self-Actualizing, Humanistic-Encouraging, and Affinitive thinking styles, Passive/Defensive, which includes Approval, Conventional, Dependent, and Avoidance thinking styles; Aggressive/Defensive, which includes Oppositional, Power, Competitive, and Perfectionist thinking styles. I must admit, I was quite hesitant about doing another self evaluation as they sometimes do not accurately reflect who you know yourself to be. After all, who knows you better than you do? Nevertheless, the purpose of this exercise was to help me discover how my thinking styles may or may not directly influence my behavior as a manager and could be a great asset in my endeavors for advancement. Primary and Backup Thinking Styles After taking this self assessment, my circumplex shows the two styles with the greatest influences falls under the Constructive style and Passive/Defensive Patterns as displayed in Figure 1. It focuses in on my primary thinking style is Humanistic-Encouraging (1 o’clock position) and my back up thinking style is being Dependent (5 o’clock position). Humanistic-Encouraging Style I can identify with the Humanistic-Encouraging style because it does describe who I am in both my professional and personal life. This style measures our interest in people, our tendency to care about others, and our ability to accept without others without criticism. It is optimistic about what people can achieve and has the ability to inspire and motivate people around them. I have always been genuinely concerned about people in my life and I always want to focus on how I can help them grow and develop their skills. I see potential where other managers do not see and support aspirations that no one else thinks exist in people. I can’t help but nurture others. It is simply who I am. Dependent Style I somewhat disagree with the backup being Dependant as I do not believe this style of thinking is a true depiction of the way I think or see myself as a whole. This style measures the degree to which we feel our efforts do not count. This type of behavior derives from a need for security and self protection. People who fall under this style typically feel helpless with very little control over their lives. They lack self respect and always want to please others. This part could not be further from the truth about who I am. However, it does mention that dependent style people are passive which I am, and sometimes have a difficulty making hard decisions. A lot of this has to do with sudden changes or set back in our life. The latter can be found more in relation to my person life and not so much professional. Limiting Style It was hard to determine which style is limiting my effectiveness from looking at the chart. The obvious would be to select Oppositional; however, says that I an aggressive and like to argue would contradict me â€Å"Dependent quality of passiveness. I decided to go with is Conventional Style. This style I feel is most limiting in that being passive, causes me to want to simply blend in and conform even though my heart says I was made to stand out. The measure that best describes me is â€Å"the preoccupation of appearing normal and unquestioned obedience†. ( survey-server2. com/lsiuniversity-sso/rpt4. sp) This style is most difficult for me because it is not who I am personally, but professionally it speaks truth. Coming from a managerial position to that of a subordate role at my current job had a dramatic affect on me. I have adapted and conformed to the conditions of the culture in my office because it seems to be the easiest way to remain employed in this company. I have watched colleague be terminated for speaking their minds or having different of opinions fro m that of our direct report who is new to this role and wants to flex her power. It is disheartening and discouraging for me. This is a style that needs to be addressed. Impact on Management Style Most of my life, I have successful in maintain balance between my personal and professional life. But as we all know, they overlap and are intertwined. Our management styles whether good or bad reflect our ability to lead other. To be an effective manager you must have the four basic management functions: 1) the ability to Plan; 2) Organize; 3) Lead; and 4) Control. Planning I am not big on procrastination, so planning is very important to me. I need to know the why, when, how, what to generate a plan and effectively execute it. There is always that need to establish a goal and a plan of action to accomplish this. This is a process that must be seen through to the end. Organizing No plan successful plan can be executed with proper organization. As a manager it is imperative to be able to organize the plan for which a goal has been set. Organization is very broad. For me, as long as there is a plan where it is personal or in my professional environment, I strategically put resources in place, which will best efficient way to accomplish the plan of action I set up. Lead Not everyone has the ability to lead or has the know how to do so. Sometimes people get lead and managed confused. Nevertheless, using simple directives set for people to follow is what has always worked for me. I have always been able to influence my employees because I lead by example. I never tried to manage or use power to have my way or force something to be done. Leading is influential. Control Control is about making sure policies and processes are in line with the goals and objects you have. I think for me, it wants to always make sure everything is close to perfection. So that requires periodically monitoring progress, revisiting structural issues and talking to everyone involve for input and their opinions on whatever we are working to accomplish. I don’t really look at control as being in charge; it is more so just making sure everything goes smooth. Genesis of Personal Style My personal style is who I am. It was defined by my character, my values, my life experiences, role models, education and trainings. Over the course of my life, my family’s heritage, the environment I grow up in and even the people I kept close to me all affected who I am today. My values developed more and as I get older. I continue to hold in high regard traits like humility, respect which I was taught as a child. Growing up in the West Indies, it was always about respect, having manors and knowing your place. I heard the Proverb’ â€Å"Children should be seen and not heard† more times than I could remember. But it put in retrospect, it made me realize, that there was a time and a place for everything. I always want to lend a helping hand no matter the cost. Knowing when to speak up for injustice and knowing which battle to fit because we can’t win them all. I was always a bit shy and passive growing up, but had big dreams and an even bigger heart. My grandfather would always ask me, â€Å"Why do you always try to fit in when you were made to stand out†. He along with my entire family has been my inspiration for my life and has help shape who I am. Since then, I have made it a life choice that in whatever I do, to be it personal or professional, I want to shine. I joined Toastmasters at a young age to help work on my shyness which allowed me to reach deep within myself find the confidence and strength hidden. I became more active in student governments and youth foundations where I began to see who I wanted to be; A leader. I worked in an Industry where people were my business and found new respect and strength in optimism. I despise people who are arrogant and have no compassion for others simply because of their position. I never paid much attention to achievements as I do to character. This is where I find value. Conclusion and Reflection The purpose of this exercise was to discover how thinking styles may influence my behavior as a manager. No management style is the same, perfect or fits every situation. What I may see as a strong management style to have, may very well be contradictory of what the other staff thinks it should be. When it comes down to it, my primary style Humanistic-Encouraging patterns, I cannot refute this theory. I claim it proudly because I wear this style every day. It has given me the ability to develop others and help them grow without the need for recognition. I take much gratification in knowing that I have helped, encourage or improve the quality of life whether professionally or personally for my employees. Not everyone can say that and it is displayed in the appreciation the show towards me. Although the Dependent style was my back up, I did not find anything substantial that related to me. A bit of stress here and there, changes in company ownership and job security issues may be the cause for the score in this. But lack of self respect is definitely not who I am. I would rather focus my attention on Conventional style as recently in my professional life, I have take a back seat far from the strong voice that carried over a reign of applause during one of my speeches. I have conformed if only to get along. But this is not the way to achieve my goals. I want to be able to be me; A woman once so positive and willing to go the mile. I want to once again be successful not only in my personal life where I have full control, but also in my professional life where I should be more assertive with my needs and desires as a part of my team. Everyone should have autonomy over their lives and the ability to fully stand behind your Life Style.

Charles Richter, Inventor of the Richter Magnitude Scale

Charles Richter, Inventor of the Richter Magnitude Scale Seismic waves are the vibrations from earthquakes that travel through the Earth; they are recorded on instruments called seismographs. Seismographs record a zig-zag trace that shows the varying amplitude of ground oscillations beneath the instrument. Sensitive seismographs, which greatly magnify these ground motions, can detect strong earthquakes from sources anywhere in the world. The time, locations, and magnitude of an earthquake can be determined from the data recorded by seismograph stations. The Richter magnitude scale was developed in 1935 by Charles F. Richter of the California Institute of Technology as a mathematical device to compare the size of earthquakes. The magnitude of an earthquake is determined from the logarithm of the amplitude of waves recorded by seismographs. Adjustments are included for the variation in the distance between the various seismographs and the epicenter of the earthquakes. On the Richter Scale, magnitude is expressed in whole numbers and decimal fractions. For example, a magnitude 5.3 might be computed for a moderate earthquake, and a strong earthquake might be rated as magnitude 6.3. Because of the logarithmic basis of the scale, each whole number increase in magnitude represents a tenfold increase in measured amplitude; as an estimate of energy, each whole number step in the magnitude scale corresponds to the release of about 31 times more energy than the amount associated with the preceding whole number value. At first, the Richter Scale could be applied only to the records from instruments of identical manufacture. Now, instruments are carefully calibrated with respect to each other. Thus, magnitude can be computed from the record of any calibrated seismograph. Earthquakes with magnitude of about 2.0 or less are usually called microearthquakes; they are not commonly felt by people and are generally recorded only on local seismographs. Events with magnitudes of about 4.5 or greater- there are several thousand such shocks annually- are strong enough to be recorded by sensitive seismographs all over the world. Great earthquakes, such as the 1964 Good Friday earthquake in Alaska, have magnitudes of 8.0 or higher. On average, one earthquake of such size occurs somewhere in the world each year. The Richter Scale has no upper limit. Recently, another scale called the moment magnitude scale has been devised for more precise study of great earthquakes. The Richter Scale is not used to express damage. An earthquake in a densely populated area which results in many deaths and considerable damage may have the same magnitude as a shock in a remote area that does nothing more than frighten the wildlife. Large-magnitude earthquakes that occur beneath the oceans may not even be felt by humans. NEIS Interview The following is a transcript of an NEIS interview with Charles Richter: How did you become interested in seismology?CHARLES RICHTER: It was really a happy accident. At Caltech, I was working on my Ph.D. in theoretical physics under Dr. Robert Millikan. One day he called me into his office and said that the Seismological Laboratory was looking for a physicist; this was not my line, but was I at all interested? I talked with Harry Wood who was in charge of the lab; and, as a result, I joined his staff in 1927. What were the origins of the instrumental magnitude scale?CHARLES RICHTER: When I joined Mr. Woods staff, I was mainly engaged in the routine work of measuring seismograms and locating earthquakes, so that a catalog could be set up of epicenters and times of occurrence. Incidentally, seismology owes a largely unacknowledged debt to the persistent efforts of Harry O. Wood for bringing about the seismological program in southern California. At the time, Mr. Wood was collaborating with Maxwell Alien on a historical review of earthquakes in California. We were recording on seven widely spaced stations, all with Wood-Anderson torsion seismographs. What modifications were involved in applying the scale to worldwide earthquakes?CHARLES RICHTER: Youre quite rightly pointing out that the original magnitude scale which I published in 1935 was set up only for southern California and for the particular types of seismographs in use there. Extending the scale to worldwide earthquakes and to recordings on other instruments was begun in 1936 in collaboration with Dr. Gutenberg. This involved using the reported amplitudes of surface waves with periods of about 20 seconds. Incidentally, the usual designation of the magnitude scale to my name does less than justice to the great part that Dr. Gutenberg played in extending the scale to apply to earthquakes in all parts of the world. Many people have the wrong impression that the Richter magnitude is based on a scale of 10.CHARLES RICHTER: I repeatedly have to correct this belief. In a sense, magnitude involves steps of 10 because every increase of one magnitude represents a tenfold amplification of the ground motion. But there is no scale of 10 in the sense of an upper limit as there is for intensity scales; indeed, Im glad to see the press now referring to the open-ended Richter scale. Magnitude numbers simply represent measurement from a seismograph record- logarithmic to be sure but with no implied ceiling. The highest magnitudes assigned so far to actual earthquakes are about 9, but that is a limitation in the Earth, not in the scale. There is another common misapprehension that the magnitude scale is itself some kind of instrument or apparatus. Visitors will frequently ask to see the scale. Theyre disconcerted by being referred to tables and charts that are used for applying the scale to readings taken from the seismograms. No doubt you are often asked about the difference between magnitude and intensity.CHARLES RICHTER: That also causes great confusion among the public. I like to use the analogy with radio transmissions. It applies in seismology because seismographs, or the receivers, record the waves of elastic disturbance, or radio waves, that are radiated from the earthquake source, or the broadcasting station. Magnitude can be compared to the power output in kilowatts of a broadcasting station. Local intensity on the Mercalli scale is then comparable to the signal strength on a receiver at a given locality; in effect, the quality of the signal. Intensity like signal strength will generally fall off with distance from the source, although it also depends on the local conditions and the pathway from the source to the point. There has been interest recently in reassessing what is meant by the size of an earthquake.CHARLES RICHTER: Refining is inevitable in science when you have made measurements of a phenomenon for a long period of time. Our original intent was to define magnitude strictly in terms of instrumental observations. If one introduces the concept of energy of an earthquake then that is a theoretically derived quantity. If the assumptions used in calculating energy are changed, then this seriously affects the final result, even though the same body of data might be used. So we tried to keep the interpretation of the size of the earthquake as closely tied to the actual instrument observations involved as possible. What emerged, of course, was that the magnitude scale presupposed that all earthquakes were alike except for a constant scaling factor. And this proved to be closer to the truth than we expected.

Are Whistle Blowers Heroes or Traitors Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Are Whistle Blowers Heroes or Traitors - Essay Example In fact, the whistle blowing at the workplace is necessary because it might help to prevent future disasters. In order to encourage people to report about the wrongdoings â€Å"in 1999, the Government introduced the Public Interest Disclosure Act. Public Concern at Work dubbed the Act "the most far-reaching whistle-blower law in the world" because it encourages employees to speak out about wrongdoing in the workplace and protects them from being unfairly victimized as a result of their actions† (Blowing the Whistle, 1) If whistleblowing at a workplace is highly encouraged and is mostly positive, the whistleblowing in interpersonal relations should be avoided. Let us consider an example; during a conversation between two friends, one of them has told that he fiddled his tax returns. Would it be appropriate for the other person to inform the corresponding authorities about the wrongdoing of his friend? The authorities have given citizens an array of free phone numbers for informing about the wrongdoings in versatile areas. The most famous is the benefit fraud line, set up in the summer of 1995 and reputed to be taking 8,000 calls a week. Its success appears to have set a precedent: now we have the Crime Stoppers Trust offering rewards for solving crimes, an Environment Agency line looking for information on polluters, and various lines that encourage us to tell local environmental health departments about noisy neighbors. It is worth to note that whistleblowers speak not for their own good and often risk their careers because the parties they stand up against are much more powerful.   That is why whistleblowing is equated to heroism.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

The Assortment of Products in ACT II Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Assortment of Products in ACT II - Case Study Example The company is goal oriented to keep their customers with constantly changing its brands as per the changing trends in the current market situation. It ensures customers satisfaction and guarantees over its high-quality production. In order to be steady in the market its product prices are lower in the market (Kerin, Hartley & Rudelius, 2011). In addition, production of zero fat corns is among the strategies the company has diversified into to adapt to the current market. A number of channels of distribution arose for ACT II popcorn so that it could reach the preferred market and satisfy the various diverse needs of the consumer. A diagrammatic representation shows as below. ACT II popcorn can be distributed to the vendor machine on the first instance, and then the consumer can be able to get it. Secondly, it can be distributed to the vending machine and through the agent; the consumer can obtain the product. Lastly, the product can be distributed to the drug stores then the various vending machines available in the drug stores and via the agent; the product is able to reach the destined consumer. The marketing strategy that the Conagra foods company should use is market segmentation. Market segmentation is the case in which the whole market is divided into many market niche i.e. small markets which can easily be captured and controlled by the company. The pricing model should be from the small amounts in order to cover all the consumers. This strategy would help in the business becoming a leader in distribution. The grocery mode of distribution is not able to cover all customers and so there should be a number of modes of distribution. A number of challenges accrue when there are expansion and growth in the business. Foreign tastes, cultural differences, distance and trade regulations. Different consumers would have different tastes and preferences in their life cycles. This is because of the civilization and their lifestyles. It can also be due to income levels.  

Analyzing Legal Alien Essay Example for Free

Analyzing Legal Alien Essay For many years now people have judged one another based on characteristics and family background. Some judge based on skin color, race, where your family has come from, and how you came about. â€Å"Legal Alien/ Extranjera Legal† by Pat Mora gives a very realistic message of how it can feel to be a mexican american and to be seen as a ‘legal alien’. To feel not wanted by either side, and to be judged based on the origins of your ancestors and your race. â€Å"viewed by Anglos as perhaps exotic,/ perhaps inferior, definitely different,/ viewed by mexicans as alien. This here, is a perfect example of the way Mora feels about being judged and seen as an alien and her interesting use of diction, metaphors and similes. I think the tone Mora has is one of somebody who feels like an outsider, due to being judge by the people who surround her daily. Moras choice of diction in the first four lines is very interesting and has continued to interest me throughout the poem. Diction is a writer or speakers choice of words. Mora’s diction lets you know a lot about the poems meaning and also about the speaker or the character right away. Mora chooses to tell it back and forth, from one side to another, but mainly from two different points of view. Being seen as an american and also being seen as a mexican. I believe Mora is telling this poem in her own point of view, as if she is the character. Mora starts by off saying â€Å"bi-lingual, bi-cultural† line one. That alone can be interpreted as the speaker or the character is able to speak and understand two languages. It also means she can participate in both of their cultures as well. Mora follows the first line up by enforcing her meaning with â€Å" able to slip from ‘how’s life? to ‘ me’stan volviendo loca. †( this means they’re driving me crazy in spanish. ) Lines two and three. Moras choice of diction here is interesting because she makes it sound like she lives two completely separate lifes as if they could not be mixed together. Mora writes â€Å"able to sit in a paneled office/ drafting memos in smooth english/ able to order in fluent spanish/ at a mexican restaurant† Lines five through seven, really show how she lives both sides and experiences them both separately from one another. It also shows that she fits in and seems as if she really isn’t different from any of the others. In lines eight through ten Mora uses more of her interesting diction. â€Å"american but hyphenated/ viewed by Anglos as perhaps exotic,/ perhaps inferior, definitely different. † ‘American but hyphenated’ highlights the point that although she is part american, she is still different because she is not a full american. There is more than that though, and thats exactly why she is seen differently from both sides. Either way she is more than that so she is seen different and that is Moras overall message. â€Å"viewed by Anglos as perhaps exotic,/ perhaps inferior, definitely different. † supports that she is viewed as an outsider from both sides. Mora also uses inferior. Which has a strong meaning to it. Inferior means: lower in rank, status, or quality. Mora uses the word exotic which also sends a very clear message of how she is viewed. Exotic means to originate in or characteristic of a distant foreign country, so her choice of words completely supports her overall message of what it can feel like to be judged based on the origins of your ancestors and your race. Mora even uses a very simple but clear simile. â€Å"viewed by mexicans as an alien. † She states that the mexicans, the other half of her ancestors race, also see her as an alien, as an outsider. Different from them because she has american blood to even though the rest of her blood is made up of that of the same as theirs. She still is not the same in there eyes. They refer to her as an alien because they believe that. â€Å"(their eyes say, ‘you may speak/ spanish but you’re not like me’)† lines twelve and thirteen, support the fact that all though she is similar, she is not seen like them. Moras choice of diction is interesting here because she is writing what she knows they want to say but wont always will but also what some do imply using different words. There eyes make her feel different like an outcast not wanted by anybody. The way they find hers and judge her so quickly, so harshly. Mora again supports that she is viewed as an outsider, a ‘legal alien’ by following that up with lines fourteenth and fifteenth. â€Å"an american to mexicans/ A mexican to americans. † These two lines have a strong meaning, and also supports the way she feels, nobody wanted her. She did not belong to either because they judged her based on the other half of her race. the other half of who she is. When in all reality race should not matter, should not affect ones judgement. Somebodys race makes them no better nor no worse than the next person. Moras next two lines sixteen and seventeen, have a strong meaning and the use of a metaphor. â€Å"a handy token/ sliding back and forth. † She is referring to herself or her character as a ‘hand token’, which I would assume is a metaphor that symbolizes that she slides back and forth between what feels like two completely different worlds just trying to fit in. To be seen for who she truly is. â€Å"between the fringes of both worlds. † Mora now very matter of factly states that to her or her character those lives are two different worlds completely. It also supports that she does not mix them together very much. In the next line Mora chooses to show an emotion in a way. I believe Mora chooses to wait so long before putting a real emotion into her character so you and I, as the readers could really understand what it is like to be mexican american and judged constantly and in general. â€Å"by smiling† line nineteen. Mora follows up the short but to the point line nineteen, with using very strong diction. â€Å"by masking the discomfort† (line twenty) is a strong phrase alone and already says a lot. ‘Masking discomfort’ means that the speaker or character masks how discomfortable being judged can be. How hard it can be to cope with and that says the speaker or the character is very strong, to hide something like that simply by smiling when it has most likely gone on for years. But also a devastating effect. â€Å"of being pre-judged/ bi-laterally. † line twenty. Mora ends her poem with one, very strong meaningful word. Bi-laterally means by both sides. Mora is saying ‘being pre-judged by both sides’. Both races that make her up as a whole, pre-judging her before they got the chance to know her. People judge one another all the time based off their clothes, and much much more. But to judge somebody due to their race or heritage, things they have no control over, thats not right. Its one thing to judge based on how they project themselves but it is not right to judge based on something out of their control either. I think that Moras choice of diction, metaphors, and similes really support her feelings of being judged and seen as a ‘legal alien’. â€Å"Legal Alien’/Extranjera Legal† gives a very realistic and strong message of how it can feel to be viewed as an alien by the people that surround you and are in your life like the people you work with. Mora’s character knows how it feels to be not wanted nor accepted by either side, and to be judged on the origins of her ancestors and her race. Mora uses strong diction throughout this poem with her interesting choice of how she uses her words. â€Å"perhaps exotic, perhaps inferior, definitely different,† Her choice of diction has a strong effect on the message itself. Moras use of similes is interesting to because she says â€Å"viewed by mexicans as alien†, she very clearly says they compare her to an alien and that as a very great impact to. Mora also uses metaphors in her writing in an interesting way, she refers to herself as ‘a handy token/ sliding back and forth’, to symbolize how it feels to not be accepted and to be judged. Many people could relate to this poem whether they are judged on their race, on their upbringing, on their clothes, and many more factors. Being pre-judged is a major problem in society today and is all around us constantly. Some are not lucky enough to escape it, but are capable of understanding the bigger picture in the message behind this poem.

The Cause and Effect of the Tsunami in Thailand in 2004 Essay -- Natur

The Cause and Effect of the Tsunami in Thailand in 2004 The tsunami in Thailand that occurred on December 26, 2004, was by far the largest tsunami catastrophe in human history. It was triggered by a magnitude 9.1-9.3 earthquake along the Indian-Australian subduction zone off the northern coast of Sumatra. The tsunami waves traveled primarily in the east to west direction and caused major damage along the coasts of southern Thailand. Unpredictably, it was a violent earthquake beneath the sea that initiated the massive waves and struck more than a dozen countries in Southern Asia. It also destroyed thousands of miles of coastline and even submerged entire islands permanently. Throughout the region, the tsunami killed more than 150,000 people, and a million more were hurt, homeless, and without food or drinkable water, making it perhaps the most destructive tsunami in the modern history. In spite of peninsular Thailand's location facing the northern part of this subduction zone, the lack of any written historical records, together with the l ack of any major local seismic activity, the tsunami caused thousands of fatalities and huge economic losses in the popular tourist regions in Thailand. Immediately after the disaster, numerous organizations and individual citizens have helped out and contributed to this devastating tsunami. Indeed, the tsunami in Thailand was a worldwide event, with significant wave action felt around the world. In this context, I am focusing more on the key features of the tsunami’s natural causes, the psychological effects on citizens, the perspective of socio-economic impacts and the consequences of the tsunami calamity. What triggered this horrific natural disaster that took place off the western coast of... ... the catastrophic event into an opportunity for the future. Even though the tsunami of December 2004 ended in a huge death toll, ongoing trauma and homelessness of millions of Asians, still they can recuperate from this entire horrific event. If any good at all is to come from this adversity on a human scale, it will certainly be considered by the compassion and generosity that the world reveals to the survivors. I must admit that I find very difficult to let it sink in my brain the fact that it can happen to all of us anywhere and any time around the globe. It might not be a tsunami that these citizens have experienced, but there are other natural disasters we can stumble upon as well. Surely, it has been a great experience for me to write this paper and to discover the truth about the tsunami and the total effects of what these people have to deal with.

Criticism on the Poem Do Not Go Gentle

The first poem that Dylan Thomas ever published, when he was only eighteen, was an early version of â€Å"And Death Shall Have No Dominion. † The cycle of life and death formed a constant underlying theme throughout his poetry since that earliest effort. In â€Å"Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night,† a moving plea to his dying father, death takes on a new and intensely personal meaning for Thomas. David John Thomas was an important influence throughout his son Dylan’s life. A grammar school English teacher, he had a deep love for language and literature which he passed on to his son. In a 1933 letter to a friend, Dylan Thomas describes the library he shared with his father in their home. His father’s section held the classics, while his included modern poetry. It had, according to Thomas, everything needed in a library. â€Å"Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night† was in all likelihood composed in 1945 when D. J. Thomas was seriously ill; however, it was not published until after his death on December 16, 1952. Thomas sent the poem to a friend, Princess Caetani, in the spring of 1951, telling her that the â€Å"only person I can’t show the little enclosed poem to is, of course, my father who doesn’t know he’s dying. After his father’s death, the poem was included in the collection In Country Sleep. Ironically Dylan Thomas himself died just a year later. The poem discusses various ways to approach death in old age. It advocates affirming life up until the last breath, rather than learning to accept death quietly. Poem Summary Lines 1-3 The first tercet introduces the poem’s theme; it also introduces the two recurring refrains that end alternate stanzas. Although these two lines, the first and the third, both state Thomas’s basic theme about resisting death, they contrast in several ways. Each of the predominant words in line one finds its opposite in line three. â€Å"Gentle† is paired with â€Å"rage,† â€Å"good† with â€Å"dying,† and â€Å"night† with â€Å"light. † The tone of the two lines also is quite different. Line one is subdued; the verbs are deliberately simple, vague. Thomas uses the predicate adjective â€Å"gentle,† making it describe the personality of the individual, rather than the more obvious choice â€Å"gently,† an adverb which would only refer to the action of the verb. â€Å"Good night† when it refers to dying becomes a paradox for Thomas, meaning a good death. Although this line may be an exhortation to resist death, its entire tone is gentle. Compare this to the beginning of line 3 where â€Å"rage† is repeated twice. Here the poet urges a furious resistance to death. The second line introduces Thomas’s advice to those who near death. The idea of burning is frequently associated with the passion of youth; however, Thomas wants the elderly to cling as passionately to their lives as anyone would. The phrase â€Å"close of day† establishes a connection with the â€Å"good night† of the previous line, while the words â€Å"burn† and â€Å"rave† move the reader into the third line of the stanza. Line 4 The next four stanzas describe four different types of old men and examine their attitudes and feelings as they realize that death is approaching. The first type Thomas mentions are the wise men. They may be considered scholars or philosophers. Perhaps because of this, intellectually they accept the inevitability of death. Thomas begins the line with the word â€Å"though,† however, to indicate that their knowledge has not prepared them to accept the reality of death. Line 5 This line explains why the wise men are unable to act in accordance with their knowledge. Scholars are known and measured by their words. These men have many words still left unwritten or unspoken, so their goals have not been accomplished. Thomas ends this line in mid-thought, leaving the rest of the idea to the next line. This parallels the unfulfilled lives of the wise men, with their messages only partially delivered. Line 6 In many villanelles, the refrains simply serve as a chorus. Here, Thomas makes it an integral part of the meaning of the stanza. Lines 7-8 â€Å"Good† seems to be used in a moral sense here, describing men who have lived worthy, acceptable lives. The phrase â€Å"last wave† presents readers with a dual image. The men themselves are a last wave, the last to approach death; they also seem to be giving a final wave to those who they are leaving behind. â€Å"Crying,† as well, has two meanings here. In one sense, it simply means speaking out, but it also carries the sense of weeping and mourning. Like the wise men, the good men have not accomplished what they wished to in life. Their actions failed to stand out. Thomas uses rhyme for different purposes here. Rhyming â€Å"bright† at the end of line 7 with â€Å"might† in line 8 erves to emphasize both words and link the two stanzas. Also, the rhyming of â€Å"by,† â€Å"crying,† and â€Å"dying† unites this stanza, while the use of â€Å"deeds† and â€Å"danced† is an example of alliteration. Line 9 The intensity of the refrain contrasts with the nature of the good men as Thomas has presented them. They seem passive, their actions weak. Now at the end of life, they must finally behave passionately, finally be noticed. Lines 10-12 Thomas’s wild men are very different from the good, quiet men in the previous stanzas.  The image, â€Å"caught and sang the sun,† is joyous and powerful when compared to frail deeds. These men have lived live fully, not realizing that they, too, will age and die. Since Thomas himself cultivated an image as a wild Celtic bard, this stanza seems ironically prophetic about his own death. Line 13 The word â€Å"grave† carries two meanings here: seriousness and death. These are the men of understanding; paradoxically, although they are blind, they are able to see more clearly than those with sight. Lines 14-15 The mentions of blindness are references to his father. Thomas spoke of this blindness again in the unfinished elegy he wrote after his father’s death, describing him as: Too proud to die, broken and blind he died †¦ An old kind man brave in his burning pride. In this stanza, Thomas contrasts light and dark imagery; for instance, the term â€Å"grave† is countered by â€Å"gay,† just as â€Å"blind† is contrasted with â€Å"sight. † Lines 16-17 While the last stanza referred to Thomas’s father only obliquely, this stanza is addressed to him. The â€Å"sad height† refers to his closeness to death. There are Biblical overtones to Thomas’s request in line 17, as he asks for a final blessing or curse; the patriarchs delivered such parting messages to their sons. As in many Bible verses, with their parallel structure, blessings and curses are paired together. If this line is read as iambic pentameter, however, the emphasis will fall on the words, â€Å"bless† and â€Å"now. † The image of â€Å"fierce tears† shows contrast: the tears acknowledging the inevitability of death, while the use of â€Å"fierce† indicates resistance until the end. â€Å"I pray† reinforces the Biblical imagery; however, the prayer is addressed to his father, the agnostic, rather than God.

Is Marxism Still Relevant Today?

The Industrial Revolution (1750-1850) had brought about significant changes in agriculture, mining, manufacturing, transportation and technology and subsequently established an era of unprecedented economic growth in capitalist economies. It was within this era that Karl Marx had observed the deprivation and inequality experienced by men of the proletariat, the working class, who had laboured excessively for hours under inhumane conditions to earn a minimum wage while the bourgeoisie, the capitalist class, reaped the benefits.For Marx it was this fundamental inequality within the social and economic hierarchy that had enabled capitalist societies to function. While Marx’s theories, in many instances have been falsified and predictions invalid, his ideas about class struggle and conflict being a motivator for change is still relevant in contemporary society. The disparity of wealth between occupations in Australia demonstrates that class stratification is still inherent within society and the recent Qantas airline dispute is a relevant example of this.Marx’s theory of class struggle originates with his belief that â€Å"the history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles† (Marx & Engel, 1848). Marx had established that conflict between classes was the key driving force of history and the main determinant of social change. For Marx, conflict originates with the deterioration of a ‘false consciousness’ and the subsequent acquisition of a unified ‘class consciousness’.Marx argued that that proletariat was under the influence of a ‘false consciousness’ brought about with the acceptance of the dominant ideology that freedom and equality could be interpreted as an equal exchange of labour for wages (van Krieken et al. , 2010). Marx however, perceived this as an exploitive relationship because in capitalism, the labourer only receives what is deemed sufficient to meet his basic needs for himself and his family, as opposed to the real value of his labour power.Marx had identified that the difference between the labourer’s wage and the value of the goods in which he produces is taken as profit, of which only the capitalist is the beneficiary (Habibis & Walter, 2009). Marx had theorised that, as a result of this exploitive relationship, alienation would occur. Marx argued that commodification of goods and services produced in conjunction with the lack of control over the end result would mean that workers would no longer recognise a connection with their labour, and hence become alienated from their labour.Only with the recognition of class exploitation and alienation would a class consciousness develop. Marx referred to class consciousness as a ‘class for itself’, denoting a collective self-awareness of the interests shared by members of a social group (van Krieken et al. , 2010). Marx predicted that class consciousness would create a conflict of interest between classes and revolution would eventuate. The bourgeoisie would be overthrown, capitalism would collapse and a classless state would emerge as its successor (van Krieken et al. , 2010). In post-modern times however, it is widely accepted that the opposite occurred.Critics insist that Marxism’s credibility was eradicated with the fall of the communist states within the ‘Eastern Bloc’. While others such as China, although still governed by a communist party, have adopted numerous capitalist policies (van Krieken et al. , 2010). Marxism has also been criticised for its over-concentration on economic relationships and its tendency to overlook other forms of non-economic conflicts (Griffith, 2005). Feminists, for example, argue that the conflicts between male and female relations are not necessarily related to economics, but patriarchal.Furthermore, Marx like other social theorists at the time had ignored the role and contribution of women. Marx had described the proletariat of industrial societies where manual labour was involved; he did not however, take into consideration a woman’s domestic or reproductive labour. Federici (2004) asserts that Marx failed to recognise the importance of reproductive labour because he had adopted the capitalist criteria for what constitutes labour and believed that a wage in exchange for labour would be the paradigm that shapes humanity. Considering that as of 2010, 45. % of the Australian labour force comprised of women it would seem that Marx’s socialist perspective is less so equal or relevant in contemporary society. Marxism is often cited as being irrelevant within contemporary society due to the fact that Marx had critiqued an almost incomparable society. McDonald & Brownlee (2001) argue that contemporary society exists in a post-modern era where westernised societies enjoy the benefits of higher living standards, where the rights of employees are elicited within the Austra lian Constitution and the rights of humans are dictated within Geneva conventions.An era where employees are entitled to government pensions, allowances, superannuation, and employees accrue sick and annual leave (McDonald & Brownlee, 2001). Furthermore employees are able to seek union representation and are legally entitled to industrial action. McDonald and Brownlee (2001) assert that Fair Work Australia, established as an institution responsible for fixating minimum wage and resolving work related disputes, perpetuates the notion that Australia is in transition to become an egalitarian society with minimal class disparity.Critics have also argued that Marxism within western society is no longer relevant due to the increased levels of social mobility. Social mobility refers to movement in an individual’s or group’s social position over time and is often assessed on their change in income over time (Borgatta & Montogomery, 2000). The traditional stratification of clas ses had a tendency to overlook the middle class and analyse the two extremes of rich and poor, bourgeoisie and proletariat (van Krieken et al. 2010). In the context of Marxism, the middle class was ignored due to their perceived limited role within the political revolution that would depose of capitalism. In contemporary society however, the traditional labouring occupations have decreased, leading to a shortage of skilled labourers and tradesman. As a result these occupations often earn a higher income, blurring the line between working class and middle class (Braverman, 1974).In August 2011 the most common occupations were distinctly white collar with the workforce comprising of 22% professionals, 15% Clerical and administrative workers and 14% Technicians and trades workers (Australian Bureau Statistics, 2011). The evident emergence of the white collar-middle class within contemporary society significantly undermines Marx’s theory of class stratification who had predicted an absorption into the working class and the emergence of a classless state. Despite this however, research has suggested that social mobility has not necessarily increased.Graetz and McAllister (1994) identified that while the shift between manual and non-manual occupations has increased since the 1970’s, most of this has been the result of structural changes in light of technological innovations and advancements in modern society, as opposed to mobility in social classes. Moreover, Leigh (2007) argues that the youth of Australia are equally likely to reproduce, or not reproduce, the class of their parents and that social mobility in the context of Australian youth, has not necessarily increased.Argy (2005) reinforces this argument and states that while Australia can be referred to as economically liberated country, there has not necessarily been an increase in equal opportunity and the distribution of wealth within Australia is an evident example of this. The National Centr e for Social and Economic Modelling (NATSEM) was commissioned to conduct a study in relation to the distribution of wealth in Australia. NATSEM analyst Simon Kelly (2002) reported that the richest fifth of households in Australia each have, on average, forty times more wealth than the poorest fifth of the population.The NATSEM data reiterates that wealth within Australia is still concentrated in the hands of the wealthy minority who have ascertained the benefits of the economic growth in recent years by disproportionately increasing their personal wealth (Stillwell & Primrose, 2011). The disparity of wealth between occupations was a key indicator of the inequality between classes. NATSEM data identified that personal wealth is the highest for managers and administrators (men $250,000, women $183,300) and professionals (men $173,800, women $99,700).In contrast to these figures, the lowest personal wealth is held by the production and transport workers ($55,400), labourers (men 39,700 , women $29,300) and trade persons (men 60,000, women 35,000) (Stillwell & Primrose, 2011). From a sociological perspective class inequality is often represented by comparing class personal wealth and income. From a Marxism perspective however, a person’s social class isn’t defined by personal wealth but rather the level of control that a person wields over the means of production.According to Ben Hillier (2012) it is measured in terms of social wealth derived from the â€Å"control of the productive or financial apparatus of society†. This can be interpreted as the bourgeoisie having ownership of the assets that enable modern society to function such as the telecommunications infrastructure, electrical companies, newspaper enterprises, transport facilities and mines etc. The transactional influence of these assets inevitably provides its owner with the power to influence governments of capitalist societies and effects how society functions.The recent Qantas air ways dispute demonstrated how this power is exercised. One recent example of class conflict inherent within Australian society was the Qantas airways dispute. On 29th October 2011, Qantas CEO Alan Joyce issued a press release announcing the immediate grounding and cancellation of all Australian domestic and international flights and the lock-out of all employees without pay. Leading up to the unprecedented grounding, Qantas had been involved in contract negotiations with unions representing employees of the company.The unions were seeking a 3-5% wage increase and better job security for casual staff. (Mulcahy, 2011). Around the same time Qantas had announced its decision to slash 1000 jobs and restructure its fleet to move to Asia under a new airline Jetstar Japan. The traditional international routes within the North Atlantic were operating at a loss with a half year profit of $241 million a year ago, dropping by 83%, to $42 million (Ryan, 2012). Despite the evident decline in prof it the airlines had awarded Alan Joyce with a 71% lift in his total remuneration package to $5. 1 million, after he received $2. million worth of shares (Mulcahy, 2011). After two days the debacle finally ended with the intervention of the Federal government submitting an application to Fair Work Australia (FWA), terminating the industrial dispute and ordering Qantas to resume operations. The verdict stated that those involved had 21 days to finalise a settlement to the dispute and neither party could engage in further action for three years after a settlement had been made. If an agreement could not be reached the Fair Work industrial courts would arbitrate the details of the contracts (Mulcahy, 2011).The economic impact was expected to be profound, Qantas which represents approximately 65% of the aviation industry, contributes $6 billion to the Australian economy and employs 50,000 employees (Squires, 2011). Although Qantas reports that the dispute cost them $120 million, its shar e prices increased by 6% to $1. 61 (Frith, 2011). The controversy attracted much political and economic commentary speculating on who won the dispute and what this would mean for those involved. Alan Joyce explicitly stated that the FWA ruling was a favourable decision for Qantas as â€Å"nobody any more can take industrial action† (Taylor, 2011).This thereby would allow Qantas to restructure its fleet in Asia, ascertaining cheaper wages by outsourcing and offshoring labour, without any internal opposition. The unions established to represent the working class of businesses and corporations would be made obsolete for three years allowing any injustices within the workplace to remain unresolved. From a Marxist perspective this would mean that the bourgeoisie of the company, the CEO and high profile managers, who already have exceeding high salaries, would profit from the new means of production and the proletariat would be further disadvantaged with pay cuts and the isk of red undancy. Karl Marx’s critique of industrial societies developed out of the belief that conflict between stratified classes such as the bourgeoisie and the proletariat, would be the drive needed to perpetuate social change. Marx believed that with the acquisition of a class consciousness the proletariat would revolt against the exploitative capitalist institution, eradicating all class structures and establishing a socialist state. Admittedly, Marx’s critique failed to recognise essential components of society such as the middle class and female representation which has significantly undermined Marx’s theory of class struggle.Furthermore Marx’s predictions have been falsified in light of modern developments which have led to many critics casting doubt on its relevance within contemporary society. The higher living standards, government allowances and union representation enjoyed by citizens within Australia all perpetuate notions of equality and repudiate the potential collapse of capitalism. Despite this however, there are still many instances of class inequality inherent in Australian society.The disparity of wealth between occupations in Australia demonstrates that the minority with extreme wealth have control over the means of production, and have used the power derived from it to influence society’s development. The recent Qantas dispute is a testament of how this power is exercised and demonstrates how the wealthy minority are able to accumulate excess wealth at the expense of the labouring class. Thus attesting to the inherent class inequality that Marx had recognised, and acknowledging its existence within contemporary Australian society. ?